Although small-scale aquaculture (SSA) contributes to sustainable rural development (SRD) -- including, securing food, efficient use of water, farm materials and other resources, creating wealth, diversifying livelihoods, generating rural employment and income, utilizing family labour, fostering social harmony and empowering women -- there has been no systematic assessment to clearly measures this contribution. An FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, Measuring the contribution of small-scale aquaculture: an assessment, presents methods and indicators for evaluating the contribution of small-scale aquaculture to sustainable rural development based on an expert workshop. The paper contains the workshop report as well as 10 technical papers presented and a detailed account of the processes undertaken in the development of an indicator system to measure the contribution of SSA to SRD.